The paper examines the problems of sustainable development in the light of new ideas about the “accumulative effect” and “distributed management”, changing the content of the standard theory of economic policy and development management. The purpose of the study is to describe the types of sustainable development, show the presence of a cumulative effect of sustainable development policies and the possibility of “distributed management” in ensuring sustainable economic development. The research methodology is represented by the theory of economic development and economic policy, the author’s doctrine of “distributed management” and the “cumulative effect” of policy, and the scientific understanding of the sustainable functioning of socio-economic systems. The application of the indicated methodology allowed us to obtain the following result: it is fundamentally important for development management to ensure its sustainability by coordinating the structure of goals, policy instruments, factors and economic structure, along which instruments are distributed in different ways, influencing with different strengths and revealing different sensitivities of elements and goals development to them. This theoretically based result requires a different mathematical formalization, different from the principle of J. Tinbergen or the fundamental market classification of R. Mundell, which can be obtained by writing equations connecting goals, for example, growth and inflation with factors, and for factors introducing equations describing the impact on their instruments and linking factors with the dynamics of the economic structure. Within the framework of the input-output method, it is possible to introduce equations that connect the vector of final demand and the vector of policy instruments, as well as the vector of production costs also with the instruments acting on it. However, it must be taken into account that the instruments may differ, and then equations for relating the various instruments to each other will be required.

Evaluation of a country’s innovation activity is a challenging issue of the last few decades. When comparing two states, it enhances the interest in such evaluations and reliability thereof. The in-depth analysis allows both to figure out the specifics of innovation dynamics and to yield remedies and suggestions for improving innovation policy. The research purpose is to specify the patterns of innovation dynamics in Russia and Belarus predicated on the Global Innovation Index (GII) data, to conduct a comparative analysis of the innovation dynamics of the two countries for the period from 2016 to 2024, and to develop recommendations aimed at increasing the GII pillar values. The methods used are multiple regression analysis, t-test as a tool for comparative analysis, graph construction and visual analysis of comparative charts, and estimation of polynomial trends. Some critical GII components to play the key role in calculating the final indicator have been identified; negative dynamics in the innovation resources values along with predominantly positive dynamics in innovation outcomes of both countries have been revealed; topmost downfall has been noted in most GII pillars in 2020; the major GII components for Russia and Belarus have been calculated. Wherein, inter-country differences in the dynamics of both the final indicator and a number of its components have been proven.

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the determining influence of factors characterizing technical and technological progress and human development on economic growth using the resource-utility approach to the study of socio-economic processes and systems.

As part of solving this problem, an analysis of long-term trends in the transformation of the technological structure of the economy and changes in the human development index of the most developed countries in the world in comparison with the knowledge intensity of their GDP was carried out. It was shown that the greatest impact on economic growth is exerted by utility parameters characterizing the quality of technological and human development, in comparison with cost indicators, which include the science intensity of GDP as one of the most frequently used criteria of scientific and technological progress. Based on this, appropriate recommendations are given for the formation and implementation of scientific, technical and industrial policy of the Republic of Belarus.

The article examines the history of the creation of the GDP indicator and the System of National Accounts. The article analyzes the current dynamics of nominal GDP and GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) in absolute terms and per capita in Russia, the USA, the UK, China and India. The critique of GDP as an indicator created for capitalist economies is examined. National inclusive wealth, which takes into account natural, human, social, produced and financial capital, has been proposed to replace GDP as a measure of welfare and wellbeing. The implementation of national inclusive wealth will enable to increase funding to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

The article reveals methodological approaches and research, identifies various types of efficiency, and defines criteria and indicators for evaluating the economic efficiency of the functioning and development of outdoor lighting systems in municipalities, including cities.

The authors consider the possibility of applying the usual economic, accounting and financial approaches to the study of the economic efficiency of socio-technical and economic systems, as well as substantiate the corresponding criteria and indicators of the economic efficiency of outdoor lighting systems of territorial entities. In order to ensure the universality of assessments of heterogeneous technical elements of outdoor lighting systems in settlements, the authors introduce a new term "conditional luminaire", which allows for comparability of economic characteristics of heterogeneous parts and elements of such systems.

The article is devoted to the systematization of methodological and practical features of identification and socio-economic development of single-industry towns in Russia and the Republic of Belarus. Regulatory documents and scientific research have been analyzed to determine the criteria for classifying settlements as single-industry towns in both countries. A functional division was carried out, the role and place, features of the socio-economic development of single-industry towns of the two countries were revealed. The economic problems of the development of single-industry towns and the basic directions of their solution through state support in Russia and the Republic of Belarus are identified.

This article examines the level of digital infrastructure development and the readiness to implement innovative solutions in company business processes. The levels of decision-making within which tasks related to digital transformation are set are considered. The need to calculate indices that serve as the basis for rating systems is identified. A survey of heads of organizations from various sectors of the economy was conducted, addressing the topic of using information technology in decision-making processes. Forms of frontier technologies are proposed, the implementation of which in company business processes will increase labor efficiency.

The article is devoted to the study of employment in the regions of the Republic of Belarus using cluster analysis. Employment in the regions of Belarus and Minsk is closely related to factors of economic development, demographic indicators, education level, etc., therefore, to study patterns in the level of employment by region and the influence of factors on the labour activity of the population. To identify similar indicators in the regions, methods and procedures of applied statistical analysis were used, the implementation of which used the apparatus and capabilities of the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics (ver. 21, 26). Data processing was carried out in dynamics from 2010 to 2022 on 24 indicators related to the quantitative component – employment of the population in the regions. The clustering of certain groups of indicators affecting employment in the regions reflects similar trends, and the results of the study can form the basis for forecasting the balance of processes in the labour market and the improvement of the regional economy.

In this article, the role of socio-economic efficiency in ensuring a healthy society is considered, as well as key criteria that will help assess the effectiveness of programs aimed at the prevention and diagnosis of cancer are analyzed. The need for a multi-level analysis of the socio-economic effectiveness of preventive measures such as screening and early diagnosis of malignant neoplasms has been established. The importance of integrated approaches that take into account medical, social and economic aspects in the process of developing and implementing programs is emphasized.

The article is devoted to the development of theoretical foundations of the phenomenon of economic modernization. According the results of the research, the economic modernization is a process of quantitative and qualitative technical and technological, institutional, organizational and managerial transformations of the system (enterprise, industry, industrial complex, etc.) and its subsystems in order to ensure sustainable competitiveness, implemented through the adaptive potential of the system to changes in the external dynamic environment and at the same time serving as an impulse for its transformation. The components of economic modernization are considered. It is shown that economic modernization is based on the replacement of live labour with mechanized, automated and robotic labour and includes the accompanying transformation of labour relations. It is concluded that economic modernization based on robotization is a fundamentally new stage in the development of productive forces.

In the Belarusian economy, the state certainly plays a key role (and even several roles), however, without the functioning of markets reflecting the nature of a person and the nature of his relations in society, the future of an economic system devoid of material motives and incentives is seen as stagnant and unpromising. The article considers the theoretical aspects of the coordination of economic processes in relation to the X-type institutional system, in which it is required not only to reconcile different subjects in terms of goal-setting and priorities (state, population, business), but also to make their interaction constructive, coordinated, aimed at achieving both individual and public interests in the foreseeable and long-term future.

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the coal industry in China and the prospects for improving the organizational-economic mechanism of its development in the context of global trends in the transformation of the energy sector and the modernization of the Chinese economy. Based on statistical data analysis, it is shown that since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the production capacity of the coal industry has been steadily growing, although the share of coal in the country's energy balance has gradually decreased. Given the increase in coal production and consumption, we should not talk about a reduction (or growth) in China’s coal industry, but about its structural transformation. The article identifies and characterizes four main trends characteristic of the coal industry in China: the changing place of the coal industry in the energy balance of China against the backdrop of the growing share of renewable energy sources; technological modernization; organizational and managerial transformation; internationalization of business models of coal enterprises.

In the work, within the framework of the concept of displacement, modern ways of making a profit in the context of globalization of market relations are presented. It is proved that modern economic growth is characterized by primitive forms of accumulation of some at the expense of others and is accompanied by a shrinking economy in many parts of the world, the destruction of the biosphere and (re) production of poverty of the population where the problem has already been solved. The scientific novelty in the development of the concept of displacement lies in the awareness of local communities of the deprivation of their ownership of land, the right to own and dispose of land and natural resources, and the inability to influence the formation of a territory development strategy.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of state regulation of the process of reorientation of the flow of goods in the context of stimulating the development of foreign economic activity. The author systematized approaches in the field of defining state regulation and distinguished the concepts of trade reorientation and commodity turnover. The main stages of the implementation of activities to reorient the flow of goods are determined, on the basis of which a model of state regulation of the reorientation of the flow of goods is developed. This model assumes two main options: adjustment of the state strategy if necessary and the use of standard measures. Problematic aspects of the implementation of the process of reorientation of the flow of goods in the Republic of Belarus are identified and ways to solve them are proposed.

The article provides a statistical analysis of the volume of loans issued by Belarusian banks to small and medium-sized businesses depending on the refinancing rate of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus from 2016 to 2022. inclusive. Four nonlinear regression lending models are constructed: power, exponential, logarithmic and parabolic. Analysis of the considered regression models shows that the parabolic regression model best describes the process of lending by Belarusian banks to small and medium-sized businesses. The law of demand for bank credit resources for small and medium-sized businesses is formulated depending on the average annual refinancing rate of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus.

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of the industrial policy of the enterprise, some approaches to the concept of "industrial policy of the enterprise" are considered, and the multilevel implementation of this policy is revealed. The author's definition of the concept of "industrial policy of the enterprise" is given.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between quality of life, digital economy and tourism economy in 31 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2019. The study utilizes the entropy method and the interrelated coordination model to identify the dynamic interactions and development trajectories of these three elements. The results show a general upward trend in the levels of integrated development of tourism economy, digital economy and quality of life, with the degree of interconnection and coordination between the systems increasing annually. However, regional differences remain, especially between eastern and western regions.

The article reflects the study of the theoretical foundations of the concept of organizational and economic mechanism for the use of artificial intelligence. The research is based on the study of the approaches of various authors to the interpretation of the definition of the organizational and economic mechanism, as well as to the interpretation of the organizational and economic mechanism in relation to specific economic objects. The preparation of the article was carried out on the basis of the materials of scientific works of both domestic and foreign scientists.