THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE RESEARCH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN ECONOMIC PHENOMENON

We have excluded from the scope of this study the technocratic approaches to the study of artificial intelligence, which predominate in the scholarly discourse on this topic but offer no epistemologically useful contribution in terms of the object of study. This article has identified two emerging approaches to examining artificial intelligence as an economic phenomenon in the scientific economic literature: the resource-based approach and the institutional approach. Within the resource-based approach, which is more widespread in the scientific literature, artificial intelligence is presented as an economic resource (factor of production), the use of which can generate real economic benefits in the form of profit, digital rent, asset capitalization, and others. Within the institutional approach, which is prevalent primarily among institutional economists and economic sociologists, artificial intelligence can be defined as a digital social institution, representing a new form of organizing the joint activities of individuals in the information and digital environment and regulating the behavior of its participants. In addition to existing approaches, it is proposed to consider artificial intelligence as a socially functional innovation, applied to manage the behavior of economic entities (labor market sellers, consumers, employers, managers, etc.) and to obtain personalized income in various forms.

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