This paper examines the substantive nature of technological change, which is not only a consequence of the desire to improve the means of production but also of scientific knowledge, which opens up new possibilities in the field of production methods.

   The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the fundamental patterns of technological development from and "economics of technology" as a new scientific field.

   Unlike orthodox economic schools, which primarily determine only the aggregate impact of technologies on the product being created, the objective of this field is to identify the specific patterns generated by technological change. The methodology is based on the theory of institutional and technological change, "the economics of technology" as a modern scientific field developed by the Russian school of economics, and taxonomic and empirical analysis. Its application has allowed us, on the one hand, to highlight the autonomous nature of technological development, defined by the horizon of basic sciences that open up possibilities for creating production methods and influencing certain objects over a given period of time. Furthermore, technology generates a number of unique effects that also have independent significance for economic development, including the "combinatorial accretion" effect, "technological dualism," the "productivity paradox," "rapid industrial change," and the low sensitivity of technological growth to investment in new technologies. These special effects differ at the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels, making classical performance assessment criteria inappropriate. Therefore, the field of technological change, which is highly heterogeneous and has sectoral specificities even in the dissemination of widely applicable technologies, requires a differentiated approach when developing technology policy measures. The results confirm the inverse relationship between productivity and technological advancement for Russia. This necessitates the verification of current economic development policies against the goals of the National Projects already adopted for implementation and additional objectives to ensure technological sovereignty through technological innovation.

   The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal criterion for combining green and traditional use of natural resources in the Republic of Belarus in the context of new regionalization.

   This article concludes the study of the theory and practice of green economics for ensuring environmental security in China and Belarus. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of development of economic systems, developed by N. V. Gerasimov. The article used systemic, institutional and subject-functional methods. As a result, the authors developed criteria for the optimal combination of green and traditional use of natural resources in the context of ensuring economic and environmental security. The main criterion for the optimal combination of green and traditional use of natural resources in the context of ensuring economic and environmental security has been established, taking into account the peculiarities of the socio-economic model of the Republic of Belarus – the optimality of the combination of green and traditional use of natural resources is determined by the extent to which this combination contributes to: strengthening the socio-economic vitality of the Belarusian society, ensuring high political, economic, technical and technological adaptability to external and internal challenges and threats; creating conditions for preventing class-organized exploitation and fair distribution of added value; ensures economically sound and socially determined conservation of natural resources for current and future generations. The transformation of the criteria for the optimal combination of green and traditional use of natural resources in the Republic of Belarus under the influence of new regionalization is shown.

   The practical significance of the study's results lies in the potential for government agencies in the Republic of Belarus to apply the proposed practical recommendations for improving the transition to a green economy to ensure national and environmental security.

   In the context of innovative production and the development of the knowledge economy, the functioning of economic systems at various levels, including both the private and public sectors, is largely determined by a critical characteristic: knowledge intensity. This article conceptualizes knowledge intensity as an integrated characteristic that captures the influence of diverse processes, phenomena, and indicators. It demonstrates the role of bidirectional influence and convergence among theoretical, sectoral, functional, and spatial economics in an increase in knowledge intensity within
an economy. It also proposes a system of indicators for assessing knowledge intensity.

   Particular emphasis is placed on adopting an integrated approach to the systemic support of knowledge intensity growth, encompassing various types of support: research-based, labor-related, informational, technological, legal, financial, and organizational.

   Achieving growth in knowledge intensity requires the collaboration of diverse specialists, from theoretical researchers to applied practitioners. Increasing knowledge intensity in the economy generates a multiplier effect across industries and regions, owing to its positive impact on the development of related sectors and neighboring regions.

   The continuous evolution of money as an institution has become significant novelty in the last decade with the emergence of a new form – central bank digital currency. The Republic of Belarus is also on the verge of introducing the Belarusian ruble. The scientific community has launched extensive discussions about the benefits and risks of this new phenomenon. Moreover, experience has already been accumulated with initial experiments in central bank digital currencies, both in full-scale and pilot formats.

   It seems significant to compare the initial results of these projects with the proponents, plans, and concerns raised before their implementation, which is the focus of this article.

   The analysis examines the main uses of digital currency – both those that are not in high demand (e-wallets of individuals) and those that have achieved some widespread adoption (cross-border payments).

   It is concluded that the low demand for a new form of money, due to the lack of its obvious advantages over existing means of circulation - traditional fiat money and digital cryptocurrencies – does not allow us to talk about any serious level of changes in the landscape of banking and payment systems after the implementation of Central Bank digital currency.

   The digital transformation of human resource management is becoming one of the key areas for improving organizational efficiency, but its success is largely determined by the initial willingness of the HR function to change. Research by international authors suggests models of digital business maturity, organizational readiness for change and the introduction of e-HRM solutions, but does not fully take into account the specifics of human resource management as an independent object of transformation.

   The purpose of this study is to develop a model for assessing an organization's readiness for the digital transformation of human resource management and to form an express diagnostic tool for it.

   The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, the provisions of the theory of organizational readiness for change, the concepts of digital maturity and a comparative analysis of existing models for assessing readiness for digital transformation. As a result, a diagnostic model is proposed that includes technological, competence, organizational, cultural, and institutional-legal blocks. For the practical application of the model, an express diagnostic sheet, a self-assessment questionnaire, a scale of interpretation of the results, and a typology of the overall maturity profiles of the organization have been developed.

   The scientific novelty of the research lies in the adaptation of the logic of digital maturity assessment to the tasks of digital transformation of the HR function and integration into a single diagnostic system of not only technological, but also competence, cultural and legal parameters.

   The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the proposed tool for a preliminary assessment of the initial conditions of the digital transformation of HRM, identification of limiting factors and identification of priority areas of management impact.

   This article proposes a methodological approach to using a digital twin of a technological process to forecast and support management decisions.

   The relevance of this research is driven by the growing complexity of economic and technological systems, the increasing interconnectedness of their elements, and the need to consider the dynamics of flow processes and uncertainty in decision-making.

   The aim of this study is to develop an approach that integrates system state modeling and the generation of management actions within the unified concept of a digital twin.

   This approach is based on representing a technological process as a dynamic system of interconnected material, information, and energy flows that shape the current and predicted state of a controlled object. The research methodology incorporates system analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, and elements of data processing and intelligent analysis. The digital twin is formalized as a dynamic model that not only reflects the current state of the system but also predicts its evolution based on the analysis of parameter change trajectories. The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed approach enables scenario forecasting, assessment of the probability of the system transitioning to critical states, and generation of anticipatory management actions. Compared with traditional reactive management methods, the proposed approach focuses on preventing unfavorable situations. The use of a digital twin allows for linking the system state model with management objectives at the level of generating management actions.

   The practical significance of this work lies in the potential application of the developed approach to improving the efficiency of technological process management, identifying bottlenecks, and ensuring the stable operation of systems amid environmental uncertainty and variability.

   This article examines the rural population distribution system in Russia's northern regions, noting that its preservation and development are determined by natural and climatic factors and the needs of the country's defense capability. A review of scientific literature has shown that no-man's-land cannot be held; any marginal territory must be populated and have an active owner, and the decline of rural settlements leads to space compression and depopulation. Rural population dynamics are analyzed for the period 1939–2024, noting that each region experienced a peak in population, but ultimately, all experienced a decline. At the municipal level, rural population dynamics are examined during the 2010–2021 intercensal period. In 69.0 % of northern municipalities, the rural population decreased, and in 26.9 %, it decreased by more than a quarter. From 1970 to 2021, the overall number of rural settlements tended to decline. However, in the 2000s, the number of rural settlements increased across Russia as a whole and in most northern regions. This can be explained by the reclassification of a number of unviable urban-type settlements as rural settlements. The article highlights the phenomenon of an increase in "uninhabited rural settlements" in the Russian North, particularly in the European North. This is partly due to gaps in land ownership legislation. The average population of rural settlements in the country as a whole and in the Asian North has steadily increased, while in the European North it has tended to decline. Polarization was observed in the structure of rural settlements: against a backdrop of overall decline, there was an increase in settlements with populations of up to 5,000 and over 5,000, while a concentration of population was observed in large settlements.

   The article concludes by emphasizing the need to develop a program to preserve rural settlements in the Russian North.

   The purpose of the study is to determine the role of emotional intelligence in the system of competencies of managers and employees who help resolve conflicts that arise in service organizations.

   This article is a research study in the theory and practice of managing the development of soft competencies of personnel that make up their emotional intelligence. The methodological basis of the research was the theory of emotional intelligence as a phenomenon and its role in effective management of an organization, described in the works of Russian and foreign scientists (N. Hall, K. N. Thomas, C. Hunt, D. Wexler, J. Mayer, D. Goleman, D. V. Lyusin, I. N. Andreeva, A. S. Petrovskaya, E. A. Hlevnaya and others). The article uses systematic, sociological, comparative, correlation, and factor-analytical methods. Their use made it possible to establish the relationship between the component of emotional intelligence and the professional characteristics of a manager in the context of solving interpersonal conflicts that arise in a modern organization. The level of development of emotional intelligence was assessed using four scales: emotional awareness, emotional management, self-motivation, and empathy and recognition of other people's emotions in service-oriented organizations, where the ability to avoid and resolve conflicts with customers is crucial.

   The study concluded that the management and employees of these companies do not pay enough attention to the development of emotional intelligence, as their overall level of emotional intelligence is average or below average.

   A comparative analysis of the value of EI by its components and models of conflict resolution in the workplace according to the five Thomas styles: competition, avoidance, accommodation, compromise, and cooperation. Specific relationships have been identified using correlation and regression analysis, which allow for the prediction of the preference for a particular conflict style based on the severity of a specific component of EI.

   The practical significance of the research results lies in their potential application for the development of soft competency programs for managers and service workers.

   This study takes Company M, a large traditional manufacturing group in China, as a case to explore the challenges of digital transformation in human resource management. Despite its industrial scale and brand advantages, Company M faces systemic problems in promoting the digital strategy of human resources, including the shortage of HR digital talents, ambiguous career development pathways for employees, inefficient offline processes of core businesses, and low utilization rate of HR systems. Using a combination of literature research, longitudinal case study and questionnaire survey, this study systematically explores the practical pathways for modular digital reconstruction of human resource functions, including constructing a standardized human resource management framework (personnel classification, role clusters, hierarchical mapping) and building an integrated modular digital platform integrating business management, self-service and business intelligence analytics. This study not only enriches the theoretical research on digital transformation of human resources in traditional manufacturing industry, but also provides a practical framework for similar enterprises to break through management bottlenecks and promote the transformation of human resource functions from transactional processing to strategic collaboration.

   The purpose of the study is to assess the intangible property of companies through the indicator "intangible share", defined as the ratio of the sum of intangible assets and business reputation to the total assets of the organization.

   This indicator is considered by the authors as a proxy indicator of the level of development of the company's intangible property, which makes it possible to offset the methodological difficulties of its direct valuation and ensure comparability between different business entities.

   Research methodology. The empirical basis of the study was formed by comparing two types of sources: annual brand valuations published by Interbrand and Brand Finance rating agencies, and balance sheet values of total assets disclosed by companies in public financial statements. Based on our proposed approach, "intangible share (D) is the ratio of the sum of intangible assets and reputation to the total assets of the company." This approach is based on the fact that the brand value estimated by independent agencies, in the absence of a single standard for accounting for intangible assets, makes it possible to compare the intangible component of different companies in absolute and relative terms. The sample includes sectors representing information technology, luxury goods, automotive, financial services, retail, and heavy industry.

   Results. Three multidirectional trends have been recorded: the growth of an intangible share in IT (For example, Microsoft – from 11–16 % in 2012–2015 to a stable 99 % in 2020–2025), consistently narrow corridors in the automotive industry (For example, Honda – 4–13%) and ambiguous dynamics in the segment of consumer goods (For example, McDonald's decreased from 25.9 % in 2012, up to 11–13 % in 2020–2025), with the relative stability of luxury brands. It is shown that an extremely high proportion (over 90 %) is not a rigid industry marker: it is demonstrated by IT giants, luxury brand manufacturers, and social networks. The key role is played by the features of the business model and the success of the monetization of intangible assets, not just belonging to the industry.

   Scientific novelty. Based on the proposed indicator of the intangible share, companies were ranked by the level of the intangible component. A retrospective analysis revealed that as of 2025, the leaders with an extremely high share (over 90 %) include mainly representatives of the IT sector (Microsoft), luxury goods manufacturers (Dior, Louis Vuitton) and social media (Instagram). Manufacturers of consumer goods (IKEA) and technology service companies (Accenture, Philips) demonstrate consistently high values in the range of 55–62 %. Unlike previous studies, in this work the intangible share is considered not as an absolute indicator of the effectiveness of intellectual capital management, but as a value with high sensitivity to the absolute scale of tangible assets.

   Practical significance. The results obtained can be used in valuation activities, investment analysis, as well as in the development of intellectual property management strategies for companies.